The current game token to cryptocurrency ratios for CS:GO are:

20,000 game tokens are equal to 0.125 HYPER.
20,000 game tokens are equal to 01 Coin2.
20,000 game tokens are equal to 0.25 GoldPiece.  

 

Kill Awards

All submachine guns award 300 game tokens per kill, except the P90 which awards 150 game tokens in per kill.
All shotguns award 450 game tokens per kill.
All knives awards 750 game tokens per kill.
All pistols award 150 game tokens per kill, except the CZ75-Auto which awards 50 game tokens per kill.
All rifles award 150 game tokens per kill, except the AWP which awards 50 game tokens per kill.

 

Rounds

In the first round, also known as the pistol round, both teams start with 1 game token.
The winning team receives 3250 game tokens by a time win or team elimination.
The winning team receives 3500 game tokens by winning through a bomb defuse or a bomb detonation.
In hostage maps, the winning team receives 3000 game tokens for eliminating all enemy players.
If the CTs rescue a hostage, they receive 2900 game tokens for a hostage rescue round win and an additional 600 game token team reward for rescuing a hostage.

 

The losing team receives:

1400 game tokens after losing the first round
1900 game tokens after losing 2 rounds in a row
2400 game tokens after losing 3 rounds in a row
2900 game tokens after losing 4 rounds in a row
3400 game tokens after losing 5 or more rounds in a row
If Terrorists were able to plant the bomb but lose the round, all Terrorists receive an 800 game token bonus in addition to the values above.

 

Penalties
When a player injures hostages, the player will receive a -30 game token penalty for every point of damage dealt to the hostage.

Objectives
Defusing or planting the bomb awards 300 game tokens for the individual. The bomb can be planted after winning the round to get the bonus.
Picking up a hostage awards 600 game tokens for the whole team.

Cheaters
Cheating is strictly forbidden, if you suspect another player of cheating report the player to game admins.

Stats Calculations
A new player has 1000 points. Every time you kill another player or bot, you gain a certain amount of points depending on a) the victim's points rating, and b) the weapon you used. If you kill someone with a higher points rating than you, then you gain more points than if you kill someone with a lower points rating than you. Therefore, killing newbies will not get you as far as killing the #1 player. And if you kill someone with your knife, you gain more points than if you kill them with a rifle, for example.

When you are killed, you lose a certain amount of points, which again depends on the points rating of your killer and the weapon they used (you don't lose as many points for being killed by the #1 player with a rifle than you do for being killed by a low ranked player with a knife). This makes moving up the rankings easier, but makes staying in the top spots harder.

Specifically, the equations are:

 Killer Points = Killer Points + (Victim Points / Killer Points) × Weapon Modifier × 5

 Victim Points = Victim Points - (Victim Points / Killer Points) × Weapon Modifier × 5

You can find the current weapon modifier values by clicking here.